Which one of the following statements, if true, would contradict the author's notion of the characteristics of social democracy? A. Organized governmental systems tend to arise spontaneously, rather than in response to specific problem situations. B. The presence of an organized system of government stifles the expression of human equality and brotherhood. C. Social democracy represents a more primitive form of communal organization than political democracy. D. Prolonged and formal leadership may become necessary in a social democracy when problems arise that cannot be resolved by recourse to the general competence of the people. E. Although political democracy and social democracy are radically different forms of communal organization, it is possible for both to contain elements of monarchy.