TOEFL Reading: ETS-TOEFL阅读机经 - U6PQ8NVF41J565BUL$

The phi phenomenon and persistence of vision are two characteristics of the human perceptual system that make motion pictures and television possible. A. When the persistence of vision became widely known, it inspired the development of toys that made hand-drawn pictures appear to move B. The invention of the motion-picture camera led to the discovery that a horse's feet do not leave the ground while the horse is galloping. C. The primary competitors in early motion-picture technology were Edison's Kinetoscope and the European-designed and manufactured large-screen projection devices D. The motion-picture camera develop from the experiments in sequential photography that were originally done by Edward Muybridge E. Later developments in film included a focus on large-screens projection rather than individual viewing machines and narrative films rather than simple action sequences. F. French filmmakers Alice Guy-Blachè and Georges started the first two major movie studios in America and in France, respectively.