In the years prior to the Civil War, Philadelphia's African American press encouraged readers to be vaccinated against smallpox. This journalistic campaign was initially (i)____________, appealing to readers' sense of communal duty, and became even more (ii)____________ once the war started, as smallpox outbreaks began to occur on Philadelphia's outskirts. A. hortatory B. controversial C. ineffective D. urgent E. widespread F. inopportune