Translocation is used for the reintroduction or reinforcement of species. A. Translocation is used in species conservation, but it can also bring about the spread of disease, inroduction of maladaptive genes, and reduction of species diversity. B. A fundamental problem in the evaluation of translocation in the lack of a framework that defines success and determines whether a translocation effort is justified. C. Unitl recently, most of the successful translocation efforts were carried out by well-intentioned animal lovers. D. It is relatively easy to justify translocation efforts involving species that have been seriously affected by predators or strong competitors, but these efforts are the most difficult to monitor. E. Even though there are accounts of successful translocations there have been many that have failed. F. Examples like the translocation of the Seychelles warbler and the red howler monkeys in French Guiana demontrate that each species requires specific translocation approaches and techniques.