GRE Reading Comprehension: Manhatton-GRE阅读Manhatton - J7IW16UUYBY87JA6B$

US History textbooks are far too fact-based and even have the ability to make students feel as though all history is made up of "Quick-Facts" and diagrams, not dynamic events to be critically analyzed. Furthermore, it is often the case that textbooks are given undue authority in determining the curriculum; many teachers simply "teach the book." This is particularly disturbing when considering the fact that state committees for choosing textbooks often treat them, in the words of Sandra Wong, "more like encyclopedias of facts than as cultural products that convey values and perspectives" when deciding which ones to pick. In her article "Evaluating the Content of Textbooks: Public Interests and Professional Authority," Wong discusses how textbook committees are rarely concerned with the actual substance of the writing in the textbooks they evaluate, and are far more interested in things like "charts, illustrations, and introductory outlines." What, then, would be a better tool to use in the high school classroom than textbooks or timelines for creating an effective learning environment that could reflect the dynamic nature of historical study? Out of all the various alternatives – going to plays, hearing speakers, listening to music, using interactive online resources, elucidating connections to students' personal lives by going to local history museums or having students write autobiographical essays, etc – the most promising is, by far, film. Movies are a magnificent way into history for even the most resistant naysayer of historical study. Film is a hugely popular medium with endless numbers of historically based works – everything from documentaries to dramas – that not only present facts, but dramatize the human relations behind those facts. The main critique presented against the use of historical film in the classroom is, of course, the existence of rampant inaccuracies and biases laced throughout these films, not to mention the agendas of the filmmakers themselves. However, some historians believe that these seeming flaws are actually part of the reason why film is an ideal teaching tool – not only does it allow students to see history come to life, and thus interact with it dynamically, as well as make history immediately accessible to a modern audience because of the techniques used in filmmaking, but it can also foster deep critical thinking skills if instructors lead dialogues after film viewings about the inaccuracies, the biases, and all of the things that make the film not just a record of a historical event, but also a reflection of the modern moment.