X-ray examination of a recently discovered painting – judged by some authorities to be a self-portrait by Vincent van Gogh – revealed an under image of a woman's face. Either van Gogh or another painter covered the first painting with the portrait now seen on the surface of the canvas. Because the face of the woman in the under image also appears on canvases van Gogh is known to have painted, the surface painting must be an authentic self-portrait by van Gogh.