Lecture: ConstellationsAuthor: QQ-464094252: Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in an astronomy class. Most people's idea of a constellation and a professional astronomer's idea of a constellation are not quite the same. Okay, so let me ask. What is a constellation? Cathy? Cathy: A group of stars that form some kind of pattern. Professor: Yes, a recognizable pattern formed by white stars. That's what some non-astronomers call constellations. Constellations often have names derived from ancient legends and myths. How about an example? Cathy: Okay. Oh, Orion? Professor: Good. That's a prominent constellation. Let's take a look at Orion. The name refers to a hunter in Greek mythology. Orion is easily visible in the night sky from November to February where it's winter in the northern hemisphere and summer in the southern hemisphere. This relevantly simple configuration gives just a handful of scholars a great example of the very public notion of a constellation and modern astronomers' conception of a constellation grew out of these constellation figures. What happened was, for millennia, people around the world noticed these star patterns and made up stories about them and gave them names. And then, as the astronomy developed into science, especially after the invention of the telescope, astronomers started discovering lots of new stars and when they named the new stars to help communicate its location to other astronomers, they named it based on the nearest constellation. So, for astronomers the stars became part of that constellation. But a lot of newly discovered stars were located between two or more constellations. So how do you name these if you don't know where one constellation ends and the next begins? So in the 1920s the International Astronomical Union, or IAU, came up with an official list of 88 constellations. The IAU first had to agree on a list of constellations that combined traditional constellations with constellations that had been established more recently. Then they defined precise boundaries for each constellation. They were drawn along vertical and horizontal lines similar to the coordinate system we used to describe location here on Earth. The boundaries organize the entire sky as seen from the Earth into 88 contiguous regions and it's in these regions that the astronomers use the term constellation. Some of these constellations are very large. Others are very small and not all of them correspond with our traditional constellation. Let me give you an example. What constellation the people in the United States probably think of first when asked to name a constellation? Male Student: Is it the Dipper? Professor: Right, the Big Dipper, also known as the Plough, or the Wagon elsewhere. The grouping of seven bright stars visible throughout the year in the northern hemisphere but what most people don't know it's actually not called a constellation by astronomers. It's called an asterism. You can clearly see the boundaries of the constellation and there's the Big Dipper. Its seven stars are connected by lines that form its bowl and its long handle, and they are the brightest stars in Ursa Major. Now, look at the two stars in the bowl and the farthest away from the handle. If you extend a line between them, away from the bear's bag, you'll end up at the North Star, which is very valuable to navigators. You won't see it here. It's beyond the Ursa Major's boundaries. It's in the constellation Ursa Minor, the smaller bear. Yes, Cathy? Cathy: So how many stars are there in total in Ursa Major? Professor: Well, how many stars when you think of in the galaxy? Male Student: I'd say billions. Professor: Okay we've identified fifty or so galaxy within the Ursa Major boundary. You can do the math. An asterism is a traditional star pattern that is not classified as a constellation by the IAU, who coined the term asterism. Well, I personally believe the Big Dipper deserves more respect. I mean, there's evidence that this grouping is recognized by Paleolithic hunters over 13,000 years ago and is recognized by people around the world. If only I'd been a member of the IAU in the 1920s. That's it. The Big Dipper is a good example of an asterism. It is part of a distinguished group of stars, but it is part of a constellation, a constellation called Ursa Major. The name Ursa Major comes from the Latin and means so large a bear. Let's take a look at the Ursa Major.[{"s":0,"l":3.346,"t":"Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in an astronomy class.","e":"%E6%97%81%E7%99%BD%EF%BC%9A%E5%90%AC%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E7%8F%AD%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%E8%AE%B2%E5%BA%A7%E3%80%82"},{"s":3.546,"l":8.772,"t":"Most people's idea of a constellation and a professional astronomer's idea of a constellation are not quite the same.","e":"%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%9A%E6%95%B0%E4%BA%BA%E5%AF%B9%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%93%E4%B8%9A%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E5%AF%B9%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E7%9A%84%E7%9C%8B%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%84%E6%83%B3%E6%B3%95%E5%B9%B6%E4%B8%8D%E5%AE%8C%E5%85%A8%E7%9B%B8%E5%90%8C%E3%80%82"},{"s":12.318,"l":6.159,"t":"Okay, so let me ask. What is a constellation? Cathy?","e":"%E5%A5%BD%E7%9A%84%EF%BC%8C%E8%AE%A9%E6%88%91%E9%97%AE%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%8B%E3%80%82%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%EF%BC%9FCathy%EF%BC%9F"},{"s":18.477,"l":4.678,"t":"Cathy: A group of stars that form some kind of pattern.","e":"Cathy%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%9B%E8%83%BD%E5%A4%9F%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90%E6%9F%90%E7%A7%8D%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%9A%84%E6%98%9F%E6%98%9F%E3%80%82"},{"s":23.456,"l":7.348,"t":"Professor: Yes, a recognizable pattern formed by white stars. That's what some non-astronomers call constellations.","e":"%E6%95%99%E6%8E%88%EF%BC%9A%E6%B2%A1%E9%94%99%EF%BC%8C%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%AE%B8%E5%A4%9A%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%BB%84%E6%88%90%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%AF%E8%A2%AB%E8%BE%A8%E5%88%AB%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%BE%E6%A1%88%E3%80%82%E8%BF%99%E5%B0%B1%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%9B%E9%9D%9E%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E7%A7%B0%E4%B9%8B%E4%B8%BA%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%9C%E8%A5%BF%E3%80%82"},{"s":30.36,"l":7.556,"t":"Constellations often have names derived from ancient legends and myths. How about an example?","e":"%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E9%80%9A%E5%B8%B8%E6%9C%89%E6%BA%90%E8%87%AA%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E4%BC%A0%E8%AF%B4%E5%92%8C%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0%E3%80%82%E4%B8%BE%E4%B8%AA%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E6%A0%B7%EF%BC%9F"},{"s":37.916,"l":2.932,"t":"Cathy: Okay. Oh, Orion?","e":"Cathy%EF%BC%9A%E5%A5%BD%E7%9A%84%E3%80%82%E7%8C%8E%E6%88%B7%E5%BA%A7%EF%BC%9F"},{"s":41.049,"l":5.481,"t":"Professor: Good. That's a prominent constellation. Let's take a look at Orion.","e":"%E6%95%99%E6%8E%88%EF%BC%9A%E5%A5%BD%E3%80%82%20%E8%BF%99%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%98%BE%E8%91%97%E7%9A%84%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E3%80%82%20%E9%82%A3%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC%E6%9D%A5%E7%9C%8B%E7%9C%8B%E7%8C%8E%E6%88%B7%E5%BA%A7%E5%90%A7%E3%80%82"},{"s":46.53,"l":3.824,"t":"The name refers to a hunter in Greek mythology.","e":"%E8%BF%99%E4%B8%AA%E5%90%8D%E5%AD%97%E6%8C%87%E7%9A%84%E6%98%AF%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E7%8C%8E%E4%BA%BA%E3%80%82"},{"s":50.355,"l":8.6,"t":"Orion is easily visible in the night sky from November to February where it's winter in the northern hemisphere and summer in the southern hemisphere.","e":"%E7%8C%8E%E6%88%B7%E5%BA%A7%E5%9C%A811%E6%9C%88%E8%87%B32%E6%9C%88%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%9C%E7%A9%BA%E4%B8%AD%E5%AE%B9%E6%98%93%E8%A2%AB%E7%9C%8B%E5%88%B0%EF%BC%8C%E5%8C%97%E5%8D%8A%E7%90%83%E6%98%AF%E5%86%AC%E5%A4%A9%EF%BC%8C%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%8A%E7%90%83%E6%98%AF%E5%A4%8F%E5%A4%A9%E3%80%82"},{"s":59.278,"l":16.245,"t":"This relevantly simple configuration gives just a handful of scholars a great example of the very public notion of a constellation and modern astronomers' conception of a constellation grew out of these constellation figures.","e":"%E8%BF%99%E4%B8%AA%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E7%AE%80%E5%8D%95%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%BE%E6%A1%88%E5%8F%AA%E4%B8%BA%E6%9E%81%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E6%8F%90%E4%BE%9B%E4%BA%86%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E5%BE%88%E5%A5%BD%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90%EF%BC%8C%E8%80%8C%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E5%AF%B9%E8%BF%99%E4%BA%9B%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E5%9B%BE%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E4%BA%86%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E3%80%82"},{"s":75.723,"l":7.997,"t":"What happened was, for millennia, people around the world noticed these star patterns and made up stories about them and gave them names.","e":"%E8%80%8C%E4%B9%8B%E5%90%8E%E5%8F%91%E7%94%9F%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%8B%EF%BC%8C%E6%98%AF%E5%87%A0%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E6%9D%A5%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%90%84%E5%9C%B0%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA%E4%BB%AC%E9%83%BD%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F%E5%88%B0%E8%BF%99%E4%BA%9B%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%EF%BC%8C%E4%B9%8B%E5%90%8E%E8%BF%98%E7%BC%96%E9%80%A0%E4%BA%86%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E5%AE%83%E4%BB%AC%E7%9A%84%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B%E5%B9%B6%E7%BB%99%E5%AE%83%E4%BB%AC%E8%B5%B7%E4%BA%86%E5%90%8D%E5%AD%97%E3%80%82"},{"s":83.721,"l":19.122,"t":"And then, as the astronomy developed into science, especially after the invention of the telescope, astronomers started discovering lots of new stars and when they named the new stars to help communicate its location to other astronomers, they named it based on the nearest constellation.","e":"%E7%84%B6%E5%90%8E%EF%BC%8C%E9%9A%8F%E7%9D%80%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E6%88%90%E4%B8%BA%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%8B%E5%90%8E%EF%BC%8C%E7%89%B9%E5%88%AB%E6%98%AF%E5%9C%A8%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C%E5%8F%91%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%8B%E5%90%8E%EF%BC%8C%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E5%BC%80%E5%A7%8B%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0%E8%AE%B8%E5%A4%9A%E6%96%B0%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%EF%BC%8C%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%96%E4%BB%AC%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F%E4%BB%A5%E5%B8%AE%E5%8A%A9%E5%B0%86%E5%85%B6%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%BE%E7%BB%99%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%B6%EF%BC%8C%E4%BB%96%E4%BB%AC%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E7%9A%84%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E4%B8%BA%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E3%80%82"},{"s":103.243,"l":11.1,"t":"So, for astronomers the stars became part of that constellation. But a lot of newly discovered stars were located between two or more constellations.","e":"%E5%9B%A0%E6%AD%A4%EF%BC%8C%E5%AF%B9%E4%BA%8E%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%B4%EF%BC%8C%E8%BF%99%E4%BA%9B%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F%E6%88%90%E4%B8%BA%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%E3%80%82%E4%BD%86%E6%98%AF%E5%BE%88%E5%A4%9A%E6%96%B0%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E%E4%B8%A4%E4%B8%AA%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%B4%E3%80%82"},{"s":114.444,"l":6.767,"t":"So how do you name these if you don't know where one constellation ends and the next begins?","e":"%E9%82%A3%E4%B9%88%E5%A6%82%E6%9E%9C%E4%BD%A0%E4%B8%8D%E7%9F%A5%E9%81%93%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E5%9C%A8%E5%93%AA%E9%87%8C%E7%BB%93%E6%9D%9F%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8B%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E5%BC%80%E5%A7%8B%EF%BC%9F"},{"s":121.412,"l":10.653,"t":"So in the 1920s the International Astronomical Union, or IAU, came up with an official list of 88 constellations.","e":"%E5%9B%A0%E6%AD%A4%EF%BC%8C%E5%9C%A820%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA20%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%EF%BC%8C%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%EF%BC%88IAU%EF%BC%89%E6%8F%90%E5%87%BA%E4%BA%8688%E4%B8%AA%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E6%B8%85%E5%8D%95%E3%80%82"},{"s":131.865,"l":10.453,"t":"The IAU first had to agree on a list of constellations that combined traditional constellations with constellations that had been established more recently.","e":"IAU%E9%A6%96%E5%85%88%E5%BF%85%E9%A1%BB%E5%B0%B1%E5%B0%86%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E4%B8%8E%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E7%9B%B8%E7%BB%93%E5%90%88%E7%9A%84%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E5%9C%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E4%B8%AD%E3%80%82"},{"s":142.319,"l":4.971,"t":"Then they defined precise boundaries for each constellation.","e":"%E7%84%B6%E5%90%8E%E4%BB%96%E4%BB%AC%E4%B8%BA%E6%AF%8F%E4%B8%AA%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%86%E7%B2%BE%E7%A1%AE%E7%9A%84%E8%BE%B9%E7%95%8C%E3%80%82"},{"s":147.29,"l":7.531,"t":"They were drawn along vertical and horizontal lines similar to the coordinate system we used to describe location here on Earth.","e":"%E5%AE%83%E4%BB%AC%E6%B2%BF%E7%9D%80%E5%9E%82%E7%9B%B4%E5%92%8C%E6%B0%B4%E5%B9%B3%E7%BA%BF%E7%BB%98%E5%88%B6%EF%BC%8C%E7%B1%BB%E4%BC%BC%E4%BA%8E%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC%E7%94%A8%E6%9D%A5%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%9D%90%E6%A0%87%E7%B3%BB%E3%80%82"},{"s":155.122,"l":11.983,"t":"The boundaries organize the entire sky as seen from the Earth into 88 contiguous regions and it's in these regions that the astronomers use the term constellation.","e":"%E4%BB%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%9C%8B%E5%88%B0%E7%9A%84%E8%BE%B9%E7%95%8C%E5%B0%86%E6%95%B4%E4%B8%AA%E5%A4%A9%E7%A9%BA%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E6%88%9088%E4%B8%AA%E8%BF%9E%E7%BB%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F%EF%BC%8C%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%A8%E8%BF%99%E4%BA%9B%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E8%BF%99%E4%B8%AA%E6%9C%AF%E8%AF%AD%E3%80%82"},{"s":167.655,"l":9.147,"t":"Some of these constellations are very large. Others are very small and not all of them correspond with our traditional constellation.","e":"%E5%85%B6%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%9B%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%B8%B8%E5%A4%A7%E3%80%82%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E7%9A%84%E9%9D%9E%E5%B8%B8%E5%B0%8F%EF%BC%8C%E5%B9%B6%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%AF%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E7%9A%84%E9%83%BD%E7%AC%A6%E5%90%88%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E3%80%82"},{"s":176.852,"l":9.306,"t":"Let me give you an example. What constellation the people in the United States probably think of first when asked to name a constellation?","e":"%E8%AE%A9%E6%88%91%E7%BB%99%E4%BD%A0%E4%B8%BE%E4%B8%AA%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90%E3%80%82%E5%BD%93%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E8%A2%AB%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%97%B6%EF%BC%8C%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD%E9%A6%96%E5%85%88%E6%83%B3%E5%88%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%93%AA%E4%B8%AA%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%EF%BC%9F"},{"s":186.258,"l":0.764,"t":"Male Student: Is it the Dipper?","e":"Cathy%EF%BC%9A%E5%AE%83%E6%98%AF%E5%8C%97%E6%96%97%E4%B8%83%E6%98%9F%E5%90%97%EF%BC%9F"},{"s":187.223,"l":5.937,"t":"Professor: Right, the Big Dipper, also known as the Plough, or the Wagon elsewhere.","e":"%E6%95%99%E6%8E%88%EF%BC%9A%E5%AF%B9%EF%BC%8C%E5%8C%97%E6%96%97%E6%98%9F%EF%BC%8C%E5%8F%88%E7%A7%B0%E7%8A%81%E6%88%96%E9%A9%AC%E8%BD%A6%E3%80%82"},{"s":193.261,"l":12.238,"t":"The grouping of seven bright stars visible throughout the year in the northern hemisphere but what most people don't know it's actually not called a constellation by astronomers.","e":"%E5%9C%A8%E5%8C%97%E5%8D%8A%E7%90%83%E5%85%A8%E5%B9%B4%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%81%E4%B8%83%E9%A2%97%E6%98%8E%E4%BA%AE%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%EF%BC%8C%E4%BD%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%9A%E6%95%B0%E4%BA%BA%E4%B8%8D%E7%9F%A5%E9%81%93%E5%AE%83%E5%AE%9E%E9%99%85%E4%B8%8A%E5%B9%B6%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89%E8%A2%AB%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E7%A7%B0%E4%B8%BA%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E3%80%82"},{"s":205.371,"l":9.178,"t":"It's called an asterism. You can clearly see the boundaries of the constellation and there's the Big Dipper.","e":"%E5%AE%83%E8%A2%AB%E7%A7%B0%E4%B8%BA%E6%98%9F%E5%AE%BF%E3%80%82%E4%BD%A0%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E6%B8%85%E6%A5%9A%E5%9C%B0%E7%9C%8B%E5%88%B0%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E7%9A%84%E8%BE%B9%E7%95%8C%EF%BC%8C%E8%BF%98%E6%9C%89%E5%8C%97%E6%96%97%E4%B8%83%E6%98%9F%E3%80%82"},{"s":214.55,"l":8.796,"t":"Its seven stars are connected by lines that form its bowl and its long handle, and they are the brightest stars in Ursa Major.","e":"%E5%AE%83%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%83%E9%A2%97%E6%98%9F%E7%94%B1%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90%E7%A2%97%E5%92%8C%E9%95%BF%E6%9F%84%E7%9A%84%E7%BA%BF%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%EF%BC%8C%E5%AE%83%E4%BB%AC%E6%98%AF%E5%A4%A7%E7%86%8A%E5%BA%A7%E4%B8%AD%E6%9C%80%E4%BA%AE%E7%9A%84%E6%98%9F%E6%98%9F%E3%80%82"},{"s":223.146,"l":13.891,"t":"Now, look at the two stars in the bowl and the farthest away from the handle. If you extend a line between them, away from the bear's bag, you'll end up at the North Star, which is very valuable to navigators.","e":"%E7%8E%B0%E5%9C%A8%EF%BC%8C%E7%9C%8B%E7%9C%8B%E7%A2%97%E9%87%8C%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%A4%E9%A2%97%E6%98%9F%E5%92%8C%E8%B7%9D%E7%A6%BB%E6%89%8B%E6%9F%84%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%9C%E7%9A%84%E6%98%9F%E3%80%82%E5%A6%82%E6%9E%9C%E4%BD%A0%E5%9C%A8%E5%AE%83%E4%BB%AC%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%B4%E5%BB%B6%E4%BC%B8%E4%B8%80%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%BF%EF%BC%8C%E8%BF%9C%E7%A6%BB%E7%86%8A%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%85%EF%BC%8C%E4%BD%A0%E5%B0%86%E6%9C%80%E7%BB%88%E5%88%B0%E8%BE%BE%E5%8C%97%E6%9E%81%E6%98%9F%EF%BC%8C%E8%BF%99%E5%AF%B9%E8%88%AA%E6%B5%B7%E5%AE%B6%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%B4%E9%9D%9E%E5%B8%B8%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%E3%80%82"},{"s":237.038,"l":10.071,"t":"You can't see it here. It's beyond the Ursa Major's boundaries. It's in the constellation Ursa Minor, the smaller bear. Yes, Cathy?","e":"%E4%BD%A0%E4%B8%8D%E4%BC%9A%E5%9C%A8%E8%BF%99%E9%87%8C%E7%9C%8B%E5%88%B0%E5%AE%83%E3%80%82%E5%AE%83%E8%B6%85%E8%B6%8A%E4%BA%86%E5%A4%A7%E7%86%8A%E5%BA%A7%E7%9A%84%E7%95%8C%E9%99%90%E3%80%82%E5%AE%83%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E%E5%B0%8F%E7%86%8A%E5%BA%A7%EF%BC%88Ursa%20Minor%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%8C%E8%BE%83%E5%B0%8F%E7%9A%84%E7%86%8A%E3%80%82%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E4%BA%86%EF%BC%8CCathy%EF%BC%9F"},{"s":247.209,"l":3.442,"t":"Cathy: So how many stars are there in total in Ursa Major?","e":"Cathy%EF%BC%9A%E9%82%A3%E4%B9%88%E5%9C%A8%E5%A4%A7%E7%86%8A%E5%BA%A7%E6%9C%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%91%E6%98%9F%E6%98%9F%EF%BC%9F"},{"s":250.523,"l":3.059,"t":"Professor: Well, how many stars when you think of in the galaxy?","e":"%E6%95%99%E6%8E%88%EF%BC%9A%E5%97%AF%EF%BC%8C%E9%93%B6%E6%B2%B3%E7%B3%BB%E4%B8%AD%E6%9C%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%91%E9%A2%97%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%EF%BC%9F"},{"s":253.583,"l":1.657,"t":"Male Student: I'd say billions.","e":"Cathy%EF%BC%9A%E6%88%91%E6%95%A2%E8%AF%B4%E6%9C%89%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%BF%E5%A4%9A%E3%80%82"},{"s":255.24,"l":7.011,"t":"Professor: Okay we've identified fifty or so galaxy within the Ursa Major boundary. You can do the math.","e":"%E6%95%99%E6%8E%88%EF%BC%9A%E5%A5%BD%E7%9A%84%EF%BC%8C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC%E5%9C%A8Ursa%20Major%E8%BE%B9%E7%95%8C%E5%86%85%E5%B7%B2%E7%BB%8F%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB%E5%87%BA%E5%A4%A7%E7%BA%A6%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%81%E9%A2%97%E6%98%9F%E6%98%9F%E3%80%82%E4%BD%A0%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E7%AE%97%E7%AE%97%E3%80%82"},{"s":262.452,"l":15.548,"t":"An asterism is a traditional star pattern that is not classified as a constellation by the IAU, for these, the term asterism. Well, I personally think the Big Dipper deserves more respect.","e":"%E6%98%9F%E5%AE%BF%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%80%E7%A7%8D%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F%E7%9A%84%E6%98%9F%E5%BD%A2%E5%9B%BE%E6%A1%88%EF%BC%8C%E5%AE%83%E4%B8%8D%E8%A2%ABIAU%E5%88%97%E4%B8%BA%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%EF%BC%8C%E5%AE%83%E5%88%9B%E9%80%A0%E4%BA%86%E6%98%9F%E5%AE%BF%E6%9C%AF%E8%AF%AD%E3%80%82%E5%A5%BD%E5%90%A7%EF%BC%8C%E6%88%91%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E8%AE%A4%E4%B8%BA%E5%8C%97%E6%96%97%E6%98%9F%E5%80%BC%E5%BE%97%E6%9B%B4%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%B3%E6%B3%A8%E3%80%82"},{"s":278.0,"l":10.881,"t":"I mean, there's evidence that this grouping is recognized by Paleolithic hunters over 13,000 years ago and is recognized today by people around the world.","e":"%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E6%84%8F%E6%80%9D%E6%98%AF%EF%BC%8C%E6%9C%89%E8%AF%81%E6%8D%AE%E8%A1%A8%E6%98%8E%E8%BF%99%E4%B8%AA%E6%98%9F%E7%BE%A4%E5%9C%A81300%E5%A4%9A%E5%B9%B4%E5%89%8D%E8%A2%AB%E6%97%A7%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E7%9A%84%E7%8C%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%89%80%E8%AE%A4%E5%8F%AF%EF%BC%8C%E5%B9%B6%E5%BE%97%E5%88%B0%E4%BA%86%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%90%84%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%BA%E4%BB%AC%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A4%E5%8F%AF%E3%80%82"},{"s":288.981,"l":9.616,"t":"If only I'd been a member of the IAU in the 1920s. That's it. The Big Dipper is a good example of an asterism.","e":"%E5%A6%82%E6%9E%9C%E6%88%91%E6%9C%89%E5%B9%B8%E5%9C%A820%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA20%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E6%88%90%E4%B8%BAIAU%E7%9A%84%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%EF%BC%88%E6%88%91%E4%BC%9A%E7%BB%99%E4%BA%88%E5%8C%97%E6%96%97%E4%B8%83%E6%98%9F%E6%9B%B4%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%B3%E6%B3%A8%EF%BC%89%E3%80%82%E5%B0%B1%E6%AD%A4%E6%89%93%E4%BD%8F%E5%90%A7%E3%80%82%E5%8C%97%E6%96%97%E6%98%9F%E6%98%AF%E6%98%9F%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E5%BE%88%E5%A5%BD%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90%E3%80%82"},{"s":298.697,"l":7.648,"t":"It is a distinguished group of stars, but it is part of a constellation, a constellation called Ursa Major.","e":"%E5%AE%83%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%80%E7%BE%A4%E6%9D%B0%E5%87%BA%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%8C%E4%BD%86%E5%AE%83%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E5%8F%AB%E5%81%9A%E5%A4%A7%E7%86%8A%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E7%9A%84%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7%E3%80%82"},{"s":306.473,"l":7.393,"t":"The name Ursa Major comes from the Latin and means so large a bear. Let's take a look at the Ursa Major.","e":"Ursa%20Major%E8%BF%99%E4%B8%AA%E5%90%8D%E5%AD%97%E6%9D%A5%E8%87%AA%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%8C%E6%84%8F%E6%80%9D%E6%98%AF%E8%BE%83%E5%A4%A7%E7%9A%84%E7%86%8A%E3%80%82%20%E7%8E%B0%E5%9C%A8%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC%E6%9D%A5%E7%9C%8B%E7%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E7%86%8A%E5%BA%A7%E3%80%82"}]