It can be inferred that prior to the findings on octopuses discussed in the passage, a dominant view held that A. hunting and defensive strategies are unrelated to brain size B. longevity has no relation to a species' development of advanced cognitive skills C. in changeable, perilous habitats, social animals are better able to survive than solitary animals D. the behavior of invertebrates of the same species is likely to vary little in response to a particular stimulus E. individuals of an invertebrate species and individuals of a vertebrate species are equally likely to display individual "personalities"